The influence of additive property on performance of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells

The performance of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based upon blends of donor and acceptor materials has been shown to be highly dependent on the microstructure and photoelectric properties of active layer. Recently, various methods, such as post-annealing, microwave annealing and control in the film-forming rate, and so on, have been used to modify the morphology to achieve high device performance. Among these methods, adding additives is a simple and promising approach, which can not only control the morphology but also improve the photon absorption or energy-level distribution of the active layer. In this review, we will introduce the additives that used widely in recent from following aspects: species, mechanism, and performance. First, the additive species and its selection principle according to special donor and acceptor system will be concluded. Then, the mechanisms of improved morphology and photoelectric properties by adding different kinds of additives will be illustrated in brief. At last, we will discuss the influences of additives on device performance.     

睢宁水厂取水设计方案比选

睢宁水厂取水工程设计规模10万m3/d,水源取自庆安水库,采用两种取水方案进行比较,方案一为框架式取水头部、架空虹吸钢管引水;方案二为箱式取水头部、钢管埋地敷设,通过两种方案比较,得出了方案二具有投资低,施工方便及安全性高的优点,并针对该方案施工中的要点提出相应的技术措施,为取水工程的设计提供参考。     

Synthesis and Properties of Sodium Mono-Alkylamide Phthalate Surfactants

The synthesis of a series of sodium mono-alkylamide phthalate surfactants is described, and the surface activity properties of the surfactants are reported. The mono-alkylamide phthalic acids were synthesized by amidation using primary aliphatic amines (lauryl, myristyl, cetyl) and phthalic anhydride as starting material. They were structurally characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and MS. The sodium mono-alkylamide phthalate surfactants were prepared by neutralization of the precursor acids with sodium hydroxide. They reduced the surface tension of water to 30?C38 mN?m^?1 at concentration levels of 10^?4?mol?L^?1.     

Preparation,cure kinetics,and thermal properties of novel acetylene terminated silazanes

A new kind of acetylene terminated silazanes, N‐(3‐acetylenephenyl)‐diorganosilazanes (abbreviated as APSZs) with three kind of substituents, were synthesized by the aminolysis of dichlorosilane with 3‐aminophenylacetylene (3‐APA). Structure of APSZs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Thermal behavior of the cured silazanes was determined by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), revealing that cured silazanes exhibited high temperature resistance. The ceramic yields of APSZ‐Me₂, APSZ‐MeVi, and APSZ‐Ph₂ at 1000°C under nitrogen were 77.6, 81.9, and 68.7%, respectively. The peak separation of derivative thermogravimetric data was employed to evaluate the three major regions of the thermolysis, and the kinetic parameters of thermolysis were calculated by the method of Kissinger from dynamic thermogravimetric measurement in nitrogen atmosphere at several different heating rates. Influence of substituents on the thermal behavior of cured silazanes in each separated region was discussed. The results showed that the vinyl derivative exhibit higher thermal stability than methyl and phenyl derivatives due to the high decomposition activation energy and small pendant group. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

扩建工程对原泵房结构安全性影响分析

介绍了扩建工程是否影响原泵房结构安全以及沉降缝处裂缝是否会继续扩展和检测方法,并得出安全性鉴定结论,并给出处理意见。     

某连续刚构桥大体积0号块简易托架法施工技术

山区连续刚构桥大体积0号块由于受自身高墩、大跨度及地形、地势条件的限制,现场采用简易托架给施工带来了很大的方便。主要介绍了牛腿托架施工方案,并介绍了托架安装技术。牛腿托架安装完成后进行了预压,并通过Midas civil计算软件进行托架受力验算。在预压过程中对梁段变形进行了监测,监测结果表明托架满足施工要求。     

Layered Nanoprobe for Long‐Lasting Fluorescent Cell Label

A long‐lasting particle‐based fluorescent label is designed for extended cell imaging studies. This onion‐like nanoprobe is constructed through layer‐by‐layer fabrication technology. The nanoprobes are assembled with multiple layers of optically quenched polyelectrolytes, the fluorescence signal of which can be released later by intracellular proteolysis. Upon incubation with cells, the assembled nanoprobes are taken up efficiently. The tight packing and layered assembly of the quenched polyelectrolytes slow subsequent intracellular degradation, and then result in a prolonged intracellular fluorescence signal for up to 3 weeks with no noticeable toxicity.     

Study on evaluation of transport control policies for communication networks

为评价通信网络传送控制策略的优劣,提出了一种定量的通信网络应用效能综合评价指标体系及评价方法.基于这一评价指标体系,对通信网络传送控制策略的评价进行了研究.在给定网络资源、业务分布的情况下,对不同传送控制策略下通信网络应用效能随业务量大小变化情况进行了分析.对构建的策略控制的多协议标记交换( MPLS)试验网络进行了试验和策略评价,给出了通信网络评价指标在合理的策略控制下随业务量变化的趋势.试验结果表明,该评价指标体系可以为策略的合理性判定及策略优化提供参考.     

Improvement of the performance of a tetrahedral element with rotational DOFs using strain smoothing techniques

In this paper, the performance of a 4-node tetrahedral element with rotational DOFs is improved using strain smoothing techniques. A partition-of-unity based approximation is used to construct the tetrahedral element with rotational DOFs. To overcome the stiff behavior of the tetrahedral element with rotational DOFs, a face-based strain smoothing technique is used. The stiffness matrix is expressed explicitly and the element performance is evaluated through numerical examples, which demonstrate that the proposed strain smoothed tetrahedral elements with rotational DOFs satisfy the patch test and have a better performance than other tetrahedral elements with rotational DOFs.